Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the esophagus. It is characterized by the presence of an abnormally high number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the esophageal tissue. Symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis can vary from person to person and may include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and food impaction. While there is no cure for eosinophilic esophagitis, there are several biologic treatments available that can help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life.
1. Dupilumab: Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-4 receptor alpha, a protein that plays a key role in the inflammatory response. By blocking this protein, dupilumab helps reduce inflammation in the esophagus and improve symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis.
2. Reslizumab: Reslizumab is an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody that works by targeting and neutralizing IL-5, a protein that is involved in the activation and recruitment of eosinophils. By reducing the number of eosinophils in the esophagus, reslizumab can help alleviate symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis.
3. Mepolizumab: Mepolizumab is another anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody that works in a similar way to reslizumab. By targeting IL-5, mepolizumab helps reduce eosinophilic inflammation in the esophagus and improve symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis.
4. Benralizumab: Benralizumab is an anti-IL-5 receptor alpha monoclonal antibody that works by targeting the receptor for IL-5 on eosinophils. By binding to this receptor, benralizumab helps induce cell death in eosinophils and reduce inflammation in the esophagus.
5. Omalizumab: Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets immunoglobulin E (IgE), a protein that plays a role in allergic reactions. By blocking IgE, omalizumab can help reduce the allergic response that can trigger eosinophilic esophagitis.
6. Vedolizumab: Vedolizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the alpha4beta7 integrin, a protein that is involved in the migration of immune cells to the gut. By blocking this protein, vedolizumab can help reduce inflammation in the esophagus and improve symptoms of eosinophilic esophagitis.
7. Rilonacept: Rilonacept is a fusion protein that works by binding to and neutralizing interleukin-1 (IL-1), a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in the inflammatory response in eosinophilic esophagitis. By blocking IL-1, rilonacept can help reduce inflammation in the esophagus and improve symptoms of the condition.
8. Tralokinumab: Tralokinumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-13 (IL-13), a cytokine that plays a role in the inflammatory response in eosinophilic esophagitis. By blocking IL-13, tralokinumab can help reduce inflammation in the esophagus and improve symptoms of the condition.
9. Anakinra: Anakinra is a recombinant form of the human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist that works by blocking the activity of IL-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in eosinophilic esophagitis. By inhibiting IL-1, anakinra can help reduce inflammation in the esophagus and improve symptoms of the condition.
10. Secukinumab: Secukinumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin-17A, a cytokine that is involved in the inflammatory response in eosinophilic esophagitis. By blocking IL-17A, secukinumab can help reduce inflammation in the esophagus and improve symptoms of the condition.